中文摘要：

以MS2和ФX174作为指示病毒，系统比较了4种不同提取方法对4种不同性质土壤中的病毒回收率。最终选择含有0．04molL^-1焦磷酸钠的3％牛肉浸膏（pH9．4）作为最有效提取剂；提取剂与含有病毒的土壤充分混合后，离心前调节pH7．2-7．4，然后测上清液病毒含量为最优操作步骤。该提取方法在红壤土、红黏土、潮土上的回收率达到62．9％～97．7％，但在黄泥土上的回收率为30％左右，这可能与黄泥土较高的无定形Fe、Al氧化物含量有关。病毒类型对回收率结果没有显著影响。因此，该方法为研究病毒在我国大部分土壤上的去向和行为提供了平台。

英文摘要：

Comparison was conducted between four different virus extraction methods in recovery efficiency of bacteriophage MS2 and ФX174. The method of 3% beef extract plus 0.04M sodium pyrophosphate （ pH = 9.4） was the most effective one, with virus recovery efficiency ranging from 62.9% to 97.7% for red earth, red clay and fluvo-aquic soil. But the recovery efficiency reached only about 30%, which might be attributed to its high content of amorphous iron oxide and amorphous aluminium oxide. It was also found that type of viruses had little effect on the recovery efficiency. The findings could be cited as a platform for the research on fate and behavior of virus in most soils in our country.