中文摘要：

上气道扩张肌在维持上气道开放中起到重要作用，其中颏舌肌为典型的上气道扩张肌。阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（obstructivesleepapneaandhypopneasyndrome，OSAHS）主要表现为在睡眠过程中反复出现上气道塌陷，导致在睡眠中反复出现呼吸暂停和（或）低通气，引起低氧血症、高碳酸血症等一系列病理生理改变的综合征。目前已发现OSAHS患者觉醒时存在颏舌肌中枢代偿。中缝核5-羟色胺1受体（5-HTl受体）可能参与介导颏舌肌的中枢调控。

英文摘要：

Upper airway dilator muscles play an important role in maintaining upper airway open, while the genioglossus is an important one of upper airway dilator muscles. Obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome （OSAHS） is a disease characterized by frequent episodes of upper airway collapse during sleep, which results in a series of pathophysiological changes such as intermittent hypoxemia with/ without hypercapnia. Currently, it has been discovered that there exists central compensation of genioglossus in OSAHS patients during wakefulness. Raphe nucleus 5-hydroxytryptamine 1 receptor probably involves in the central control of genioglossus.