中文摘要：

MicroRNA（miRNA）是一类小的非编码RNA,它主要通过对转录后水平靶mRNA的切割以及抑制mRNA的翻译调控基因表达,参与植物的生长发育和胁迫应答等多种生物学过程。综述了miRNA的发生和调控机制,重点介绍了miRNA对水稻非生物胁迫应答的研究进展,并对研究过程中存在的问题进行讨论,为更好地了解miRNA及其靶基因在提高水稻产量和抗逆方面的作用,进一步解析miRNA在水稻中的调控机制提供参考。

英文摘要：

MicroRNAs（miRNAs） are short non-coding RNAs, which regulate gene expression at the post-transcription level by mRNA cleavage or translation inhibition, involved in a lot of biological process about growthing development and abiotic stress. This article summarized the characteristics and mechanism of plant miRNA, particularly focused on the advance of rice miRNA in abiotic stress response, then discussed the problems in research. It help us to to better understand the role of rice miRNA in the yield and stress tolerance, and provides reference for analyzing the regulation mechanisms of miRNA in rice.