中文摘要：

目的建立一种改良抗酸染色冷染方法,用以控制实验室总挥发性有机物（total volatile organic compound,TVOC）污染。方法采用TVOC检测仪定量测定实验室内空气中的苯系物和TVOC污染程度;以卡介苗（bacillecalmette-guerin,BCG）为染色标本,配制含有1%Triton X-100标本稀释液和初染液,建立不用加温助染的抗酸染色冷染法替代传统抗酸染色法。结果传统萋-尼抗酸染色时,室内TVOC污染在12 min时间点即高达1 014 ppb（约1 mg/m^3）,成倍超过国家室内卫生标准（GB50325-2010）规定值（500 ppb,即0.5 mg/m^3）;同样条件下,用改良冷染法染色期间,室内TVOC量有所增加,但在试验期间最高值为387 ppb,保持在国家室内卫生标准容许限度以下;利用Triton X-100建立的改良抗酸冷染法具有抗酸染色特性,其对抗酸杆菌的可检测度为3×10^-6~6×10^-5CFU/mL。结论抗酸染色冷染法可用于替代传统萋-尼抗酸染色,从而控制实验室的TVOC污染问题。

英文摘要：

Objective To detect total volatile organic compound（ TVOC） pollution in the laboratory during Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast staining and establish an improved method for controlling TVOC pollution.Methods TVOC concentration in the room air of the laboratory was determined using RAE portable-type instrument during the performance of routine acid-fast staining of Bacille Calmette-Guerin（ BCG）. A dilution solution and a carbolfuchsin solution containing 1% Triton X-100 were prepared for use in the modified cold acid-fast staining without heating,and the TVOC pollution level caused by the modified method and the routine acid-fast staining method was compared. Results At 12 min after the start of routine acid-fast staining,the concentration of TVOC in the room air of the laboratory reached the highest level of 1 014 ppb（ about 1 mg/m^3）,which was 2 folds of the permissible exposure limit（ 500 ppb,0. 5 mg/m^3） in the National Standard（ GB50325-2010）. During the performance of the modified cold acid-fast staining,TVOC concentration in the laboratory increased only slightly and remained under the permissible exposure limit. The detection sensitivity of BCG ranged from 3 × 10^-6 to 6 × 10^-5 CFU using the modified cold staining method.Conclusion The modified acid-fast cold staining method can be used as an alternative to the conventional acid-fast staining for controlling TVOC pollution in the laboratory.