中文摘要：

木霉属真菌因具有拮抗植物病原真菌的能力而广泛用于农业生物防治。为提高初步筛选的效率，在对峙培养条件下探讨了不同木霉菌株的拮抗能力，将其分为强、中等、弱和无拮抗能力4种类型。在对峙培养中，具有强拮抗能力的木霉菌株生长速度快于植病菌，产生大量缠绕菌丝缠绕在植病菌的菌丝上，12d内在植病菌的菌落上大量产孢。具中等拮抗能力的木霉菌株表现为（1）生长速度较快或与植病菌相似，缠绕菌丝丰富，30d内在植病菌的菌落上少量产孢；（2）生长速度快，但缠绕菌丝较少或几近缺乏，12d内在植病菌的菌落上产孢丰富。具有弱拮抗能力的木霉菌株生长速度与植病菌的大致相同，缠绕菌丝较少，30d后在植病菌的菌落上少量产孢或不产孢。无拮抗能力的木霉菌株生长速度慢，常受植病菌菌落的限制，甚至被植病菌的菌落覆盖。上述分型和评价方法综合考虑了竞争和寄生等拮抗机制，可用于实验室内对木霉拮抗能力的快速初筛。

英文摘要：

Trichoderma species were commonly used as microbial biocontrol agents in agriculture due to their antagonism against plant pathogenic fungi. In order to increase screening efficiency at the first step, antagonistic ability of Trichoderma strains was investigated by dual culture method. As the results, different degrees of antagonism were recognized, i.e. strong, moderate, weak, and absent. Trichoderma strains having strong antagonism usually grow much faster than plant pathogenic fungi, produce rich hyphal coilings surrounding hyphae of plant pathogenic fungi, and sporulate on pathogenic fungal colony in 12 days. The strains having moderate antagonism grow slightly faster than or the same as plant pathogens, form hyphal coilings fairly well, and sporulate poorly in 30 days; alternatively, hyphae coilings are less commonly seen or nearly absent, and sporulation occurred in 12 days. Those with weak antagonism grow more or less at the same speed with the plant pathogenic fungi, produce relatively poor hyphal coilings, and sporulate poorly or even none in 30 days. The Trichoderma strains lack of antagonistic ability grow slowly, and their colonies are very restricted and even overgrown by that of the plant pathogens. In this evaluation method, both competition and mycoparasitism were taken into consideration. It is suitable to evaluate antagonistic potential of Trichoderma strains in vitro at first step