中文摘要：

中亚干旱区是对全球气候变化最敏感的区域之一,以草地和耕地为主的植被类型极易受到水资源短缺和人为等因素影响,导致生态环境极易恶化,故分析其植被净初级生产力（NPP）和蒸散（ET）变化特征及对气候的响应具有重要意义。本研究利用LPJ模型模拟中亚地区1982-2012年NPP和ET,并分析其在中亚潜在植被类型中的空间分布和变化特征。结果表明,1）NPP和ET的高低值空间分布基本一致,高值区主要分布在林地、草林地混合区以及耕地区,低值区主要分布在植被稀少的荒漠周边区域和哈萨克中部草地区;2）NPP总量和ET总量均呈波动上升趋势,其中NPP年度变化范围在469.59-1 130.26 Tg C·a-1,年均值为737.24 Tg C·a-1（185.57 g C·m-2·a-1）,ET范围在695.53-1 047.69 km3·a-1,年均值为850.46 km3·a-1（214.07 mm·a-1）;3）影响中亚地区植被NPP和ET变化的气候因子主要为降水,温度影响相对较弱;4）吉尔吉斯斯坦和塔吉克斯坦植被生产力增长较快,哈萨克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦和新疆较为稳定,土库曼斯坦植被生产力出现下降现象。

英文摘要：

Central Asia is one of the most sensitive regions to climate changes in the world and the ecological environment is very fragile. The two main vegetation types,grasslands and croplands,are very easily influenced by water shortages and humans activities. Study on changes of net primary productivity（ NPP） and evapotranspiration（ ET）,and their relationship with climate are important in Central Asia. In the present study,the spatio-temporal patterns and changes of NPP and ET in Central Asia（ 1982- 2012） were analyzed based on LPJ model. The results indicated that the spatial distributions of NPP and ET were very consistent. The high-values were mainly located in forests,the mixed area of grass-forest and croplands,whereas the low-values were mainly concentrated in sparse vegetated area around the desert and grasslands of central Kazakhstan. The annual NPP and ET showed a fluctuated increasing trend. Annual NPP varied from 469. 59 Tg C·a- 1to 1 130. 26 Tg C·a- 1with mean of 737.24 Tg C·a- 1（ 185. 57 g C·m- 2·a- 1）. Annual ET varied from 695. 53 km3·a- 1to 1 047. 69 km3·a- 1with mean of 850. 46 km3·a- 1（ 214. 07 mm·a- 1）. The main climate factor influencing the variations of NPP and ET was precipitation in Central Asia,while temperature played less important role in the region. The vegetation productivity of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan increased at a faster rate,yet Turkmenistan indicated a decline trend. Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan and Xinjiang＇s vegetation productivitywere relatively stable.