中文摘要：

铬作为首要战略金属之一,在国民经济中有着重要地位。我国铬资源匮乏,但同时铬渣污染问题严重,亟需解决。本文阐述了目前对铬渣进行解毒处理和对其中的铬提取处理这两大类技术的优缺点和所面临的瓶颈,指出对铬渣的物相及铬的赋存状态进行深入的微结构分析是实现铬渣中铬有效提取的核心关键。本文综述了目前国际上铬渣微结构分析的研究现状,总结了本研究团队将表界面调控晶相/晶面变化的微观机制的研究认识用以指导铬渣中铬的提取的研究进展,展望了这种新的研究思路和技术手段实现铬渣变废为宝的潜力和发展趋势。

英文摘要：

As one of the primary strategic metal,chromium plays an important role in the national economy in China. However,the chromium resource is seriously insufficient meanwhile the chromium pollution is severe in China. This article elaborates the advantages and disadvantages of the current detoxification methods and chromium extraction methods for the chromium-containing residues as well as the bottlenecks they are faced with. It points out that,for developing an effective extraction method for chromium from chromium-containing residues,the micro-structural analysis for the mineral phases of the chromium-containing residues and the thorough investigation on the chemical states,combined forms and distribution of chromium in each mineral phase are crucial. M oreover,this article summarizes the current international research of the micro-structural analysis of chromium-containing residues. This article also introduces the work of our research group that applies the understanding of micro-mechanism of crystal growth and transformation under the surface/interface control onchromium extraction from chromium-containing residue. This newidea and technology are instructional for achieving the combination of detoxification and reclamation for chromium-containing residues. Finally,the potentiality and developing tendency of this idea as well as the technologies of chromium extraction from chromium-containing residue via crystal growth and mineral phase transformation are prospected.