中文摘要：

通过室内模拟降雨试验,研究降雨强度和地形因子（坡度和坡长）对黑土区坡面土壤侵蚀过程的影响。试验处理包括2个降雨强度（50、100mm/h）,2个坡度（5°、10°）,2个坡长（5、10m）。结果表明：不同试验处理条件下,当降雨强度由50mm/h增加到100mm/h,坡面径流量增加1.4～12.4倍;当坡长由5m增加到10m,坡面径流量增加0.1～3.1倍;坡度对坡面径流量的影响较复杂,受降雨强度和坡长的综合影响。降雨强度、坡度和坡长皆对坡面侵蚀量有重要影响。当降雨强度由50mm/h增加到100mm/h时,坡面侵蚀量增加4.2倍;当坡度由5°增加到10°时,侵蚀量增加0.4倍;当坡长由5m增加到10m时,侵蚀量增加0.5倍,表明降雨强度增加对黑土区坡面侵蚀量影响最大。而当降雨强度、坡度和坡长均增大时,坡面侵蚀量增加18.0倍,说明这3个因素交互作用对坡面侵蚀的影响远大于各因素的单独影响或2个因素交互作用的影响。坡面径流量与降雨强度的关系最密切,其次是降雨强度-坡长交互作用和降雨强度-坡度-坡长交互作用;坡面侵蚀量与降雨强度-坡度-坡长交互作用的相关关系最显著,其次是降雨强度和降雨强度-坡长交互作用。分别建立了坡面径流量和侵蚀量与降雨强度、坡度和坡长的经验关系式。

英文摘要：

Studying hillslope soil erosion processes in the black soil region is of great importance to black soil conservation and national grain production security. A rainfall simulation study was conducted to examine the effects of rainfall intensity and topography （slope gradient and slope length） on hillslope soil erosion processes. The experimental treatments included two rainfall intensities （50 and 100 mm/h） of representative erosive rainfalls in the black soil region, two common slope gradients （5~ and 10~） and two slope lengths （5 and 10 m）. Each treatment had two replications. The results showed that runoff was increased by 1.4 -12.4 times and 0. 1 -3.1 times, respectively, when rainfall intensity or slope length was increased under different treatments. Effects of slope gradient on runoff were complex, which were affected by both rainfall intensity and slope length. Rainfall intensity, slope gradient and slope length had important effects on hillslope soil loss. Soil loss was increased by 4.2 times when rainfall intensity was increased from 50 mm/h to 100 mm/h, and it was increased by 0.4 times for increasing slope gradient from 5° to 10° and 0.5 times for increasing slope length from 5 m to 10 m, which indicated that rainfall intensity had the most significant effects on hillslope soil loss. When rainfall intensity, slope gradient and slope length were increased simultaneously, soil loss was increased by 18.0 times, which suggested that the comprehensive effects of three factors were much greater than those of each single factor or the combination of two factors. Runoff had the strongest correlation with rainfall intensity, followed by coupling effects of rainfall intensity - slope length and coupling effects of rainfall intensity - slope gradient-slope length. Soil loss had the strongest correlation with coupling effects of rainfall intensity - slope gradient- slope length, followed by rainfall intensity and coupling effects of rainfall intensity- slope length. According to these observed da