中文摘要：

选择先玉335、郑单958和吉祥1号三个杂交种制种田,于授粉后32 d每隔5 d采收果穗直到授粉后72 d,测定种子电导率、标准发芽率和冷浸发芽率,次年测定田间出苗率以及上述指标,对比分析不同收获期种子在贮藏过程中的变化及其贮藏特性。研究结果表明,随着收获期的推迟,玉米杂交种种子贮藏后标准发芽率和冷浸发芽率降幅减小,电导率的增幅也减小,并且收获后期种子的贮藏性高于前期收获的种子。在授粉后32-47 d、47-62 d、62-72 d采收种子的标准发芽率平均降低6.90%、4.99%、4.48%,前期发芽率的降低速率为中后期的3.75倍;冷浸发芽率依次降低9.70%、13.33%、10.78%,降低幅度明显高于标准发芽率,说明低温冷害后的贮藏性降低。对于不同基因型的玉米杂交种种子,其贮藏后标准发芽率、冷浸发芽率降低程度也不同,先玉335分别降低2%和6.8%,吉祥1号分别降低3.5%和6.9%,郑单958降低3.7%和15%,电导率却依次增大,分别为0.46μs·cm^-1·g^-1（先玉335）、0.56μs·cm^-1·g^-1（吉祥1号）、0.49μs·cm^-1·g^-1（郑单958）,说明贮藏10个月后郑单958种子活力衰退幅度最大,贮藏性最差,其次为吉祥1号,先玉335最小,而在活力衰退最小范围内先玉335的适宜收获期为授粉后47-57 d,吉祥1号为授粉后52-57 d,郑单958为授粉后57-62 d,为获得高活力种子提供理论依据。

英文摘要：

Three hybrid of farming（XY335、ZD958 and JX1） were chosen in this study,maize seeds were obtained at 5 days intervals during grain filling period from 32 to 72 days after pollination to test standard electrical conductivity-EC（three 50- seed samples,24 hours inhibition at 251）,germination- SG（7 days at 25 ℃）,and cold test- CT（3 days at 6℃）.Field emergency of the maize seeds was tested to analyze the storage characteristics and changes between SG,CT and EC of different harvest periods and different genotypes in the process of storage in May of 2014 and once again in Lab in October of 2014.The results of these experiments show that the degree of decreasing in SG and CT of Maize hybrid seeds with the delay of harvest stored after 10 months reduced and the degree of increasing in EC also reduced but storage characteristics was increasing.The SG respectively declined 6.9%,4.99%and 4.48% at 32 - 47,47-62,and 62 - 72 DAP（days after pollination）,the decreasing rate of 32 - 47 DAP is 3.75 times of 62 - 72 DAP.Moreover,CT reduced 9.7%,13.33%and 10.78%and the degree of decreasing is obviously higher than SG,which shows that low temperature apparently affected storage characteristics.For maize hybrid seeds in different genotypes,SG and CT after 10 months storage differently reduced,XY335 reduced 2%,and 6.8%,JX1 reduced 3.5%and 6.9%,and ZD958 reduced 3.7%and 15%,but the increases of EC are 0.46 μs·cm^-1·g^-1 in XY335,0.56 μs·cm^-1·g^-1 in JX1,and 0.49 μs·cm^-1·g^-1 in ZD958,respectively.Our results indicated that the degree of recession of ZD958 after10 months storage is the biggest and the storage characteristics are poorer than those of JX1 and XY335,and XY335 is the last one.In the minimum range of vitality recession,the appropriate harvesting dates are 47 - 57 DAP of XY335,52- 57 DAP of JX1,and 57 - 62 DAP of ZD958,respectively,which can provide references for high vigor of seed.