中文摘要：

埋存CO2生物转化CH4技术是利用油、气藏中内源微生物,以埋存的CO2为底物,通过CO2生物还原途径合成CH4的生物技术。此技术因兼备CO2减排的环保意义、生物合成CH4的再生能源意义、延长油气藏寿命和潜在经济收益等优势有着广泛应用前景。CO2的捕集、埋存和油气藏生物多样性为此技术的实施提供了可行性。油藏中低矿化度的地层水中存在产H2和CH4的微生物,一定的成岩阶段生物气藏成因主要源于代谢CO2/H2的甲烷菌。因此,一定条件下油气藏内源微生物能够生物转化CO2。但是,油气藏埋存CO2生物转化CH4的实现受到各种条件的制约,包括：发酵菌群、产H2菌群和甲烷菌群之间的合作关系;甲烷菌群结构是否合理;甲烷菌和硫酸盐还原菌两大菌群之间的竞争和共代谢关系;以及CO2还原需要的H2来源等。相对于已知的代谢途径,油气藏中CO2还原途径可能更加复杂。因此,无论是微生物学家还是石油工程师,通过调控油气藏参数来实现生物合成CH4还是一个很大的挑战。目前,埋存CO2生物转化甲烷处于研究的实验室探索阶段,需要突破的瓶颈是寻找合适的油气藏、激活内源微生物实现CH4的再生,达到有经济意义的CH4转化速率和转化率。尽管埋藏CO2生物转化CH4是一个仅有10年研究历史的新技术,相信不久的将来,此项生物技术的广泛应用将会为人类可再生能源和CO2减排做出贡献。

英文摘要：

The bioconversion of CH4 from the stored CO2 is a biotechnological solution that the injected CO2 is metabolized by indigenous microbes in depleted oil or gas reservoirs to produce CH4 by CO2 bioreduction pathway.It is potential applied and promising technology due to its environmental friendship for CO2 storage and sequestration,renewable energy of biogas CH4,extended oil and gas reservoirs development period,and the potential profit for enhanced gas or oil recovery.The CO2 Capture Storage project and microbial diversity of reservoirs offer the solution feasibility.Hydrogenotrophic mesophilic or thermophilic methanogens are known to be common inhabitants in slightly saline formation water in oil and gas reservoirs.The distribution of CO2/H2 methanongens of biogas reservoirs changes with diagenetic stages.It has been shown that CO2 can be potentially bioconverted to CH4 in reservoirs under certain conditions.However,oil and gas reservoirs are complicated systems and the bioconversion is constrained by the relationships among the methanogens,fermentative bacteria and hydrogen-producing bacteria.The methanogen community structure and the co-metabolization and competition between the two communities of Sulfate Reduction Bacteria（SRB） and methanogens may also impact the CO2 reduction.Compared to the discovered knowledge that CO2 bioreduction pathway is permissible,the process may be quite complicated to be realized in reservoirs.It is difficult to realize the CO2 bioreduction pathway without synthetic H2 supply.It is still a big challenge for both microbiologists and petroleum engineers to realize CH4 bioconversion from CO2 by parameters control in reservoirs.At present,the CO2 reduction research is at experimental stage in the laboratory,the breakthrough is to activate the suited reservoirs＇ microorganism consortium to realize the CH4 bioconversion in right way,to probe the profitable CH4 bioconversion rate and production velocity.Though the solution of CH4 bioconversion from injected CO2 in depleted oil and g