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根区不同灌溉方式对苹果幼苗水流阻力的影响

期刊名称：应用生态学报
时间：0
页码：128-134
语言：中文
分类：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程;农业科学—农业工程]
作者机构：[1]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100
相关基金：国家自然科学基金资助项目（50579066,50879073）.
相关项目：调亏灌溉条件下作物水氮高效利用机制和供水供氮模式

关键词：根区灌溉方式, 苹果幼苗, 水流阻力, 滴灌, root zone irrigation mode, apple seedling, hydraulic resistance, drip irrigation.

中文摘要：

研究了滴灌条件下根区不同灌溉方式（交替滴灌ADI、固定滴灌FDI和常规滴灌CDI）和灌水量对苹果幼苗及各组成部分水流阻力、气孔导度和叶面积的影响．结果表明：根区灌溉方式和灌水量对苹果幼苗水流阻力（R）的影响显著；在相同的根区灌溉方式下，苹果幼苗根系阻力（Rr）随着灌水量的减少而增大，冠层阻力（Rs）随着灌水量的减少而减小．在相同灌水量下，与常规滴灌相比，交替滴灌和固定滴灌均提高了苹果幼苗叶片和叶柄阻力（R1＋p，），降低了幼苗全株阻力（Rt）、Rr、Rs以及侧枝和主杆阻力（R1b＋mr）．在20mm和30mm灌水定额下，交替滴灌的R1＋p。分别比常规滴灌高1．06％和0．63％．在平均节水达33％的前提下，交替滴灌和固定滴灌的平均R1＋p分别比常规滴灌高19．65％和24．34％，但交替滴灌和固定滴灌的平均R1b＋mr，分别降低了4．83％和14．97％．交替滴灌和固定滴灌等局部根区不同灌溉方式通过有效减小苹果气孔导度和叶面积，提高了R1＋p，从而减少了叶片的蒸腾失水，提高了苹果幼苗的水分利用效率，通过降低尺。和R1b＋mr，提高了苹果幼苗调控水分的能力和抗干旱能力．

英文摘要：

This paper studied the effects of different root zone irrigation modes （alternate partial drip irrigation, ADI; fixed partial drip irrigation, FDI; and conventional drip irrigation, CDI） and their watering amount on the whole-plant and its components hydraulic resistance and the stomata condl/ctance and leaf area of apple seedlings. The results showed that both the irrigation mode and the watering amount had significant effects on the apple seedlings hydraulic resistance （R）. Under the same irrigation modes, the root resistance （Rr） of apple seedlings was increased, but the shoot resistance （Rs） was decreased with decreasing watering amount; and under the same watering amounts, ADI and FDI increased the leaf and petiole resistance （R1 ＋ p ） , but decreased the wholeplant resistance （R,）, Rr, Rs, and lateral branch and master rod resistance （Rib＋mr）, compared with CDI. Under the irrigation quota of 20 mm and 30 ram, the Rl＋p of ADI was 1.06% and 0. 63% higher than that of CDI, respectively; and with the prerequisite of saving 33% of irrigation water, the average R1＋p of ADI and FDI was increased by 19.65% and 24. 34%, while the average R1b＋mr was decreased by 4. 83% and 14.97%, respectively, compared with those of CDI. ADI and FDI effectively decreased stomata conductance and leaf area and increased R1＋p, and thus, decreased leaf blade luxurious transpiration dehydration while increased plant water use efficiency. By decreasing Rr and Rib the ADI and FDI improved apple seedlings water regulation function and drought-resistant capability.

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