中文摘要：

从 1961 ～ 2012 基于 CN05.2 的每天吝啬的温度数据，冷事件(CE ) 首先根据他们的持续时间被划分成二个范畴：强壮的冷事件(SCE ) 和弱冷事件(WCE ) 。然后，在春季期间的 CE， SCE，和 WCE 的特征被调查。结果显示在 pre-1990s 时代，在以前的冬季的 ENSO 和北极摆动事件是仔细与在下列春天的 SCE 有关。CE， SCE，和 WCE 的 multidecadal 变化是明显的。为 SCE 的紧张趋势是显著地否定的，但是它为 WCE 似乎不太明显。当 SCE 和 WCE 发生时，进一步的分析揭示那， 850- hPa 风地里的典型东方亚洲人马槽，谁的在西北弯屈部件，入侵东北中国(NEC ) 并且引起结冰的天，能在每十年被发现。为 SCE，与它在鄂霍次克海和在东北当前的影响 NEC 上定位的中心，一个冷旋涡作为一个另外的特征被发现。为 WCE，冷旋涡位于 Karafuto 并且它的在西北，气流侵入进 NEC。至于 SCE 和 WCE 之间的差别，当东北对应物在 SCE 期间是更强壮的时，西北的流动更弱，在所有十年。在 Takaya-Nakamura 流动和分叉地，为 SCE，一个分叉中心在 NEC 上存在；并且在它的下游的区域上，一个更强壮的分叉中心出现，别喜欢一列波浪火车。然而，反面是为 WCE 的盒子；而且，波浪火车在 WCE 期间清楚地出现，它意味着波浪精力能在 WCE 期间容易宣传并且驱散更多。

英文摘要：

Based on the daily mean temperature data of CN05.2 from 1961 to 2012, cold events （CEs） are first divided into two categories according to their duration： strong cold events （SCEs） and weak cold events （WCEs）. Then, the characteristics of CEs, SCEs, and WCEs during springtime are investigated. The results indicate that in the pre-1990s epoch, ENSO and Arctic Oscillation events in the previous winter are closely related to SCEs in the following spring. The multidecadal variations of CEs, SCEs, and WCEs are obvious. The intensity trend for SCEs is significantly negative, but it seems less apparent for WCEs. Further analysis reveals that when both SCEs and WCEs occur, a typical East Asian trough in the 850- hPa wind field, whose northwesterly wind component invades Northeast China （NEC） and causes freezing days, can be found in every decade. For the SCEs, a cold vortex, with its center located over Okhotsk and northeasterly current affecting NEC, is found as an additional feature. For the WCEs, the cold vortex is located in Karafuto and its northwesterly airflow intrudes into NEC. As for the difference between SCEs and WCEs, the northwestern flow is weaker while the northeastern counterpart is stronger during the SCEs, in all decades. In the Takaya-Nakamura flux and divergence fields, for the SCEs, a divergence center exists over NEC; and over its downstream regions, a stronger divergence center appears, not like a wave train. However, the opposite is the case for the WCEs; moreover, the wave train appears clearly during the WCEs, which means that the wave energy can propagate and dissipate more easily during WCEs.