中文摘要：

针对矢量水听器指向性锐化的问题，设计了一种基于矢量水听器的振速梯度水听器，可以同步测量水中的质点振速和振速梯度．介绍了振速梯度水听器的工作原理，讨论了测量过程中存在的测量误差．制作了一维振速梯度水听器，在校准装置中测量振速通道和振速梯度通道的指向性，振速通道指向性图的-3dB波束宽度为90°，振速梯度通道具有纵向四极子和横向四极子2种指向性，纵向四极子指向性图的-3dB波束宽度在65。左右，横向四极子指向性图的-3dB波束宽度在45°左右．理论与实验证明振速梯度通道的指向性与振速通道的指向性相比波束更为锐化．

英文摘要：

According to the issue of vector hydrophone directivity sharpening, the velocity gradient hydrophone has been designed based on the vector hydrophone ,which can measure the particle velocity and the velocity gradient at the same time. The measurement principle of the velocity gradient sensor and the error in the measurement process were discussed in great detail and as a result, a one-dimensional velocity gradient sensor was created. The testing was conducting in the standing wave calibrator for the purpose of measuring the directivity of the velocity channel and the velocity gradient channel. The - 3dB beam-width of the directivity pattern of velocity channel is 90°. The velocity gradient channel displayed two types of directivity pattern ： longitudinal quadrupole and lateral quadrupole. The - 3dB beam-width of the longitudinal quadruple directivity pattern is about 65° and the - 3dB beamwidth of the lateral quadrupole directivity pattern is about 45°. The theory and experiment confirmed that the directivity pattern of velocity gradient channel was sharper than the directivity pattern of velocity channel, and therefore, made the directivity of velocity gradient sensor sharper than that of the vector sensor.