中文摘要：

指出了活性氧（ROS）是普遍存在于有氧代谢中的产物,其化学性质极为活跃,有关ROS对人体的危害已逐渐得到公认.然而,越来越多的研究提示,一直被认为是人类疾病元凶的ROS对机体和细胞也有有益的一面.综述了ROS的研究进展,揭示了ROS通过调节离子通道、受体、酶以及转录因子的活性和改变细胞氧化还原状态,进而参与细胞的正常生理过程（细胞的增殖、分化和凋亡）,从而讨论了ROS的双向生物学效应和机制.

英文摘要：

Reactive oxygen species （ROS） are the common products of aerobic metabolism, having extremely high chemical activity. The deleterious effects of ROS on human body have been well known. However there are more and more studies suggesting that ROS, considered as the major cause for human diseases, also has the beneficial effects. This paper has summarized the research progress to reveal that R0S involves in a variety of normal physiological activities such as cellular proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis by mediating the activities of ion channels, receptors, enzymes and transcription factors and regulating the cellular redox buffering capacity, and the bidirectional biological effects and mechanisms of ROS are discussed.