中文摘要：

黑麦属（Secalecereale，2n=14，染色体组R）作为小麦的三级基因源，在小麦遗传改良中发挥了重要的作用。本文综述了黑麦属优异基因在普通小麦遗传改良中的应用及分子特性的最新研究进展；并将报道的黑麦相关基因及数量性状位点（quantitative traitloci，QTL）整合到其物理图谱，发现在1R染色体上分布的优异基因最多，从而在分子水平上解释了1RS／1BL易位系得以广泛应用的原因；并对黑麦属优异基因的进一步利用进行展望。

英文摘要：

As the third gene pool for wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）, rye （Secale cereale, 2n=14, genome R） plays an important role in the genetic improvement of wheat. This paper reviewed the application of genetic and molecular characteristics of excellent genes of rye for wheat improvement. Based on compilation of literature references, physical mapping, which included about 313 genes and quantitative trait loci（QTLs）, had been established. It is found that there are superior genes on chromosome 1R. It is mainly due to the study and utilization of the 1BL/1RS translocation in wheat. It can explain why 1B/1R translocation lines can be widely applied in improvement of wheat; and how to further use superior genes of rye in the next step was also viewed.