中文摘要：

目的：研究兔上颌窦提升术后扩增区域内新生骨的改建过程和破骨细胞的分布情况，探讨无机骨颗粒对上颌窦提升术后骨再生的影响。方法：对8只日本大耳白兔施行上颌窦提升术。实验组扩增区植入无机骨颗粒，对照组仅使血凝块充满扩增区，不填充移植材料。结果：术后4周，对照组扩增区近窦黏膜处的新生骨表面可见大量破骨细胞。组织形态测量学分析表明，术后4周至8周实验组窦底提升高度显著大于对照组；术后8周时实验组新生骨面积较对照组明显增加。结论：上颌窦内存在的空气压力可导致上颌窦提升术后新生骨发生吸收。在上颌窦提升术中使用无机骨填充材料可抵抗上颌窦内的空气压力，并具有良好的骨重建效果。

英文摘要：

Objective： To investigate the remodeling process of newly formed bone and the distribution of osteoclasts in the augmented space after maxillary sinus floor elevation in rabbits. Methods： A total of 8 rabbits underwent bilateral grafting, using only blood clots （control group） and inorganic bone particles （experimental group）, and followed with histologic and histomorphometric analysis. Results： In control group, a lot ofosteoclasts were found on the surface of newly formed bone near the elevated sinus membrane at 4 weeks after implantation. Histomorphometrical analysis showed that the augmented height was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group at 4 and 8 weeks after implantation. Bone area was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group at 8 weeks after implantation. Conclusion： The air pressure could induce the resorption of newly formed bone in the augmented space. Inorganic bone particles contribute to stable augmentation of the sinus floor by resisting sinus air pressure.