中文摘要：

滋养层细胞是胎盘结构中体现其屏障作用最重要的细胞，与多种妊娠疾病的发生、发展有关。另外，大多数病毒可导致胎盘感染并波及胎儿，因此滋养层细胞与宫内传播也有关。为了阐明多种妊娠相关疾病的发病机制及病毒宫内传播的机制，目前众多研究者通过在体外建立滋养层细胞模型进行了大量有价值的研究，此文对相关的研究进展进行综述。

英文摘要：

Trophoblastic cell is one of the most important cells in placenta structure, which is realated to pregnancy diseases. In addition, infant can be infected by viruses invading through placenta, so trophoblastic cell is related to intrauterine infection. To explain the pathogenic mechanisms of the gestational diseases and the mechanism of virus intrauterine infection, many studies are made about in vitro culture model of trophoblastic cells from placenta, and the research progress about the culture model is reviewed in this article.