中文摘要：

Toll样受体4（TLR4）是固有免疫系统中能够识别病原相关分子模式的受体家族成员,可识别革兰氏阴性菌的脂多糖（LPS）而在细菌感染性疾病的发生中起重要作用。近年来越来越多的研究发现,TLR4还广泛参与病毒感染性疾病的发生和病毒的免疫逃逸,由于其信号转导通路的独特性和细胞定位的可变性,再次引起人们极大的研究兴趣。该文将介绍TLR4的生物学特性、信号转导通路及TLR4与病毒感染的最新研究进展。

英文摘要：

Toll-like receptor 4（TLR4） is one of the members of TLRs,which can recognize pathogen-associated pattern molecules and activate innate immunity and acquired immunity.TLR4 plays a critical role in bacterial infections by recognizing lipopolysaccharide（LPS）.However,there are accumulating evidences indicating that TLR4 involves in viral infections and contributes to the immune escape of viruses.Moreover,the unique TLR4 signaling pathways and its cellular localization aroused our interest.Here we will review the most recent progress on TLR4,TLR4 signaling and viral infections.