中文摘要：

为了进一步降低无线传感器网络的能量消耗，延长整个网络的生命周期，提出了一种能量均衡．多跳路由协议EBMH（energy-balanced multi—hop routing proto—col）．在簇头选取阶段，EBMH通过引入一个与节点剩余能量和全网平均能量有关的指数函数作为权值系数，选举网络的簇头，并提出了一种基于指数权重移动平均（EWMA）的方法计算全网的平均能量，减少了网络各节点之间的数据通信；在各簇头节点与基站之间的数据传输阶段，EBMH采用典型的最短路径算法Oijk—stra，以与节点能量和距离有关的系数作为Dijkstra算法节点间的权值，寻找簇头节点间的最小能量传输路径．EBMH通过多跳路由的方式传输数据，减少了数据传输过程中的能量消耗．仿真实验结果表明，EBMH能够显著延长网络的生命周期，均衡网络的能量消耗，同时有效地降低了节点的能量消耗．

英文摘要：

In order to reduce the energy consumption of wireless sensor networks and prolong network life cycles, an energy-balanced multi-hop routing protocol among clusters named EBMH is proposed. During cluster head selection, EBMH provides the cluster head election method with a weight coefficient in relation to the residual energy of the node and the average energy of the whole network. It also presents a method of calculating the average energy of the whole network to further reduce data communication between the nodes. This method is based on the exponentially-weighted moving average （EWMA）. During data transmission between the cluster head node and the base station, EBMH finds the minimum energy path between the cluster head nodes by applying the typical algorithm for the shortest path, the Dijkstra algorithm, and sets the node energy-distance co- efficients as the weight. EBMH transmits the data by multi-hop routing, thus lowering the energy consumption of the transmission. The simulation results demonstrate that the algorithm can prolong the network lifetime, balance the energy dissipation of all nodes, and effectively lower energy consumption of the network.