中文摘要：

采用大田试验，探讨生物有机肥对秦巴山区核桃园土壤微生物群落结构及其代谢、 酶活性和土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明，施入生物有机肥可改变土壤微生物群落结构，改变微生物对各大类碳源的利用，提高微生物碳源利用率、物种多样性和丰富度，常规施肥对土壤微生物群落结构影响不显著。生物有机肥可显著提高土壤蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶和脱氢酶活性，但对过氧化氢酶的影响不显著；常规施肥可提高土壤脲酶和脱氢酶活性，对其他酶活性没有显著影响。生物有机肥可显著提高土壤有机质， 全量氮、磷、钾和速效磷含量，提高土壤pH值，使土壤理化性质得到改善；常规施肥也可在一定程度上提高土壤养分含量，但其效果不如生物有机肥。

英文摘要：

A field experiment was conducted in Qinling-Bashan Region of Shaanxi province to investigate the influence of different fertilization treatments on soil microbial community, enzymes activities and soil nutrients in walnut orchards. There were three treatments, control （CK）, conventional fertilizer treatment （T1） and bio-organic fertilizer treatment （T2）. The effect of bio-organic fertilizer addition on microbial community metabolic profiles was analyzed with the Biolog （ECO Microplate） method. The results show that the average well color development （AWCD）, Shannon index and richness index （S） of microbial community of the T2 treatment are all significantly higher than those of the T1 treatment. Utilization of six carbon source types by soil microbial community shows that the soil microbial community of the bio-organic fertilizer treatment enhances consumption of all the six carbon source types, which indicates the soil microbial community function is changed to some extent. Principal components analysis demonstrates that there are larger differences on utilization of carbon substrates by soil microbial community between the T2 and CK treatment and between the T1 and control, which indicates that the function of soil microbial community is modified by fertilization regimes. The soil sucrase, acidic phosphatase and dehydrogenase activities are improved significantly, and soil urease activity is changed significantly after the application of bio-organic fertilizer in comparison with the control, while soil catalase activities are similar between the two treatments. The contents of total soil nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and available phosphorus of the T2 treatment are significantly higher than those of the CK. In addition, soil pH is increased in the T2 treatment, and decreased in the T1 treatment in comparison with CK treatment. It is concluded that application of bio-organic fertilizer could not only change the function of microbial community, improve the activities of so