中文摘要：

大气的免职，进入土壤的金属的一条主要小径，在土壤环境起一个重要作用，特别在大量污染物质通过各种各样的来源被射出进空气的城市的区域。以便与生来、人为的来源，一起在城市的区域和它的关系理解大气的免职的特征在三个典型地点的大气的免职的三年的研究，工业地区(在里面)，城市的居住区域( RZ )和郊外的 forested 舞台的区域( FA )，在南京被执行，在从 2005～2007 的东方中国的一个大城市的城市。大气的免职的体积免职率和元素作文在南京的城市的地区时间空间地变化了。在大气的存款的 Cu， Zn， Pb 和 Ca 的集中强烈在整个南京区域被充实；然而，在大气的沉积物的人为的污染物质被从西北的中国搬运的外部矿物质灰尘的输入冲淡。通过主要部件分析(PCA ) 的来源分配证明在 FA 地点的大气的免职是的背景外部喷雾器和本地排放的联合采购原料。远程的搬运亚洲灰尘的输入在城市的背景免职上有重要影响，特别在从西北的中国的大陆人灰尘占优势的春天。海洋的喷雾器来源在夏天和秋天被观察，季节在南京由夏天季风统治了。相反，本地人为的排放来源的贡献不管季节是不变的。在 RZ 并且在地点，大气的免职被附近人的活动更显著地比在 FA 地点影响。另外，不同城市的活动和冬季和夏天亚洲季风在城市的南京在灰尘免职的特征上有实质的影响。

英文摘要：

Atmospheric deposition, a major pathway of metals entering into soils, plays an important role in soil environment, especially in urban regions where a large amount of pollutants are emitted into atmosphere through various sources. In order to understand the characteristics of atmospheric deposition in urban area and its relation with natural and anthropogenic sources, a three-year study of atmospheric deposition at three typical sites, industrial zone（IN）, urban residential area（RZ） and suburban forested scenic area（FA）,was carried out in Nanjing, a metropolitan city in eastern China from 2005 to 2007. The bulk deposition rate and element composition of atmospheric deposition varied spatio-temporally in the urban zones of Nanjing. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb and Ca in the atmospheric deposits were strongly enriched in the whole Nanjing region; however, anthropogenic pollutants in atmospheric deposits were diluted by the input of external mineral dust transported from northwestern China. Source apportionment through principal component analysis（PCA） showed that the background atmospheric deposition at the FA site was the combination of external aerosol and local emission sources. The input of long-range transported Asian dust had an important influence on the urban background deposition, especially in spring when the continental dust from the northwestern China prevailed. Marine aerosol source was observed in summer and autumn, the seasons dominated by summer monsoon in Nanjing. In contrast, the contribution of local anthropogenic emission source was constant regardless of seasons. At the RZ and IN sites, the atmospheric deposition was more significantly affected by the nearby human activities than at the FA site. In addition, different urban activities and both the winter and summer Asian monsoons had substantial impacts on the characteristics of dust deposition in urban Nanjing.