中文摘要：

胚胎（胎儿）发育是遗传信息和环境因素相互作用的编程过程。表观遗传是指由非DNA序列改变引起的、可遗传的基因表达水平的改变，它主要包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、RNA调控和染色质重塑等现象。表观遗传通过调控基因表达参与发育编程，如早期发育重编程、基因组印记、X染色体失活和组织分化等事件。当胚胎（胎儿）发育编程受到了饮食或环境因素的影响，表观遗传修饰可发生改变，从而影响其表型，甚至增加成年疾病的易感性。

英文摘要：

The development of embryo and fetus is a programmed process by which one＇ s genotype interacts with the environment to produce its phenotype. Epigenetics referrs to the heritable changes in gene expression without any alteration in DNA sequence. The main epigenetic mediators including DNA methylation, histone modification, non-coding RNAs, chromatin remodeling and so on. By controlling of gene expression, epigenetic modifications play an important role in development programming, such as reprogramming of early development, genomic imprinting, X chromosome inactivation and tissue differentiation. Once the developmental programming of embryo and fetus is disturbed by diet or environ- mental factors, epigenetic modifications can be changed, the phenotype of the offspring will be then altered. Even worse, the susceptibility of adult diseases in one＇ s later life can be increased.