中文摘要：

为了解决桥梁动态监测中难以同步监测准静态位移和动态位移的问题,首次采用自动型全站仪（RTS）监测桥梁结构位移和振动频率,并在英国诺丁汉大学NGB实验室、诺丁汉威尔福德悬索桥分别进行模拟试验与实桥监测试验。集成全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）接收机和自制精密时间数据采集器,使RTS和加速度计同步采集GNSS时间,用皮尔逊积矩相关系数法修正时滞;设计8阶Ⅰ型切比雪夫高通滤波器,分离RTS位移中的准静态部分和动态部分,并使用改进的切比雪夫高通滤波和梯形法则数值积分方法,从加速度数据中获取位移数据。分析结果表明：RTS能同时监测结构振动准静态位移和动态位移,静态监测精度优于0.5mm,动态监测精度优于2.0mm;RTS和加速度计监测的动态位移、振动频率结果吻合,两者位移差值的标准差小于0.7mm;RTS监测方法精度能满足实际工程要求。

英文摘要：

It is difficult to simultaneously measure the quasi-static and dynamic displacements in the dynamic monitoring of bridges. To solve this drawback, robotic total station （RTS） technique was used to monitor dynamic displacements and the vibration frequencies of bridges. The simulated and full-scale experiments were conducted in the NGB lab at the University of Nottingham and the Wildford suspension bridge in Nottingham, respectively. The RTS sensor could acquire GNSS time by a integrated GNSS receiver and at the same time the accelerometer sensor could acquire GNSS time by a precise time data logger （PTDL）. The correlation coefficient method of the Pearson product moment was used to verify the time delays. The 8- order I type Chebyshev highpass filter was designed to separate the quasi-static component of RTS displacement from the dynamic response. The trapezoidal rule numerical integration method and the improved chebyshev highpass filter were used to obtain the displacement series from the acceleration series. The results show that the accuracy of the static displacement is better than0.5 mm, and that of the dynamic displacement is better than 2. 0 mm. RTS is capable of monitoring the three-dimensional absolute displacement of the structural vibration, which includes the quasi-static component and the dynamic component. The dynamic displacements and vibration frequencies obtained from RTS are in agreement with those from the accelerometer. The standard deviations of the difference between these two displacement series are less than 0.7 mm. Consequently, the RTS monitoring technique can satisfy the requirement of actual engineering monitoring.