中文摘要：

为提高低密度聚乙烯（low-density polyethylene，LDPE）材料的抗电树枝老化能力，提出采用交流电场诱导蒙脱土（montmorillonite，MMT）片层，以实现其在低密度聚乙烯中取向分散的方法。首先，设计了电场诱导实验装置，用工频交流电场对熔融状态下的低密度聚乙烯／蒙脱土（LDPE／MMT）复合材料进行诱导实验；其次，通过测试材料的X射线衍射谱、紫外光透射率和材料断面、表面的扫描电子显微图片，表征了电场诱导对MMT在LDPE中的取向分散影响；最后，对比观察了电场诱导前后LDPE／MMT复合材料中的电树枝的引发和生长特性的差异。结果表明，电场诱导有助于MMT片层在LDPE中均匀分散，且使得MMT片层沿平行于电场的方向发生偏转，诱导后的LDPE／MMT复合材料在垂直于取向电场的方向上具有更好地抑制电树枝的能力。

英文摘要：

To improve the electrical tree resistance capability of low-density polyethylene （LDPE）, a novel method is proposed to orientate the montmorillonite （MMT） in LDPE by electric field inducing treatment. A new orientation setup was designed and manufactured. A set-up for electrical inducement was designed to realize the orientation of the MMT in LDPE/MMT composite material. The effect of electrical inducing orientation was characterized by the measurement results of X-ray diffraction （XRD）, transmittivity of UV, scanning electron microscope （SEM） of surface and cross-section. The initiation and propagation properties of electrical trees in the LDPE/MMT before and after electrical inducing treatment were investigated and compared. The results indicate that the electrical field inducement contributes to the MMT disperse uniformly in LDPE and make the MMT layers turn along the direction parallel to the electrical field. The LDPE/MMT after electrical inducing has better capability to suppress the electrical trees under power frequency field.