中文摘要：

随着工农业生产的发展,水体氮污染已日益严重.利用氮稳定同位素来判别水体氮污染的源和汇、研究氮循环等显得尤为重要.本文就以下几方面进行综述：1）氮稳定同位素的基本概念、氮在水体中的循环及相应的同位素分馏情况;2）系统比较了水中氮同位素测定过程中氮同位素的分离、富集和不同形态氮的转化方法;3）讨论了氮稳定同位素在研究地表水、地下水及海水中的氮循环、判断氮污染的源和汇、氮在生态系统中转化以及水体富营养化等方面的应用;4）总结了水体中反硝化作用的判断方法和水体中硝酸盐的两种自然衰减机制——反硝化作用和稀释作用;5）指出了该研究领域的不足之处.

英文摘要：

Water bodies ＇nitrogen contamination has become more and more serious due to the effects of the intensive development of industry and agriculture. It is important to use nitrogen stable isotope data to identify the nitrogen pollution sources and study the nitrogen cycle of water bodies.This article gave an overview of basic information as follows： 1） introducing the nitrogen stable isotope,nitrogen cycle and the fractionation factors; 2） comparing the analysis techniques of nitrogen isotope separation,enrichment,transformation of different forms; 3） discussing the application of nitrogen stable isotope in natural nitrogen cycle of different water types,nitrogen pollution sources justification,the biogeochemical processes in water bodies,and the eutrophication; 4） summarizing the methods of identifying denitrification,the two attenuation mechanisms of nitrate pollution,i.e.,denitrification and dilution; 5） pointing out the deficiency of the current research.