运用心理物理学派研究方法,对沈阳城市公园植物景观美学进行了公众审美偏好程度的研究,并系统地分析和比较了常用的心理物理学派美景度测定与统计方法——美景度评估法(scenic beauty estimation)、平均值法(average visual quality)和成对比较法(pairwise comparison)。本研究选择了15张反映城市公园植物景观的彩色照片,向公众进行了当面问卷调查。调查数据分别利用美景度评估法、平均值法、层次分析法进行了美景度代表值的统计。结果表明:(1)城市公园植物景观的美学质量评价可以通过基于照片媒介的心理物理学研究方法而完成,公众对于不同评价样本的审美偏好是有差别的;(2)本研究中采用3种美景度代表值统计方法获得的最终结果显示,3种方法无显著性差异;(3)通过3种评价方法表现均为较好与较差的评判样本B13与B04来看,样本间存在明显的差异,比如植物本身的形态特征、遮荫效果和空间感等等。但这些特征是否是影响评判结果的关键因素,还有待进一步研究加以验证。
This study is based on the method of psychophysical paradigm for evaluating the visual qualities of selected vegetation groups in urban park in Shenyang, and for identifying the degree of visual preference of public. The study describes and employs three techniques for calculating visual preference or scenic beauty scales Scenic Beauty Estimation, Average Visual Quality and Analysis Hierarchy Process. Fifteen colour photographs of vegetation groups were presented to individuals for formal interviews. Statistical analysis of the answers resulted in three main conclusions : ( 1 ) Scenic beauty of vegetation groups in urban park can be evaluated by psychophysical method using photographs as media. Levels of public preference vary and depend on the individual photo. ( 2 ) The scales represent scenic beauty or visual preference for vegetation groups calculated by three techniques and they have an acceptable level of coincidence. Scenic Beauty Estimation technique presents a practical character. (3) Some differences are found between two photos, B13 and B04, which have the highest and lowest scores. These differences might be derived from the individual plant physical properties, the shadings, space formed by the plants. The findings regarding public preference and techniques provide an empirically tested basis for future research.