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中文摘要：
研究目的：软土地区沉管隧道运营中会出现不同程度的差异沉降,差异沉降量过大造成管段开裂、渗漏等严重问题,将威胁沉管隧道的运营安全。沉管隧道沉降本质上是由隧道施工扰动引起水下原状土体性质改变及在多重荷载作用下土体变形具有显著的时空特性引起的,因此需准确量化沉管隧道长期不均匀沉降受时空特性的影响及发展规律。研究结论：（1）外环沉管隧道沉降速率已保持约0.001 5 mm/d,沉降趋于收敛稳态;（2）沉管隧道顶部回淤厚度越深,沉降量发展越大,运营期间必须及时清淤;（3）基础层的空隙水压力消散引起沉管隧道运营期沉降值增加,采用合理的基础处理方法有利于减小运营期沉降;（4）本研究成果可为考虑时空特性的软土地基问题提供理论基础,并为优化沉管隧道设计及保障隧道运管安全提供依据。
英文摘要：
Research purposes： The varying degrees tunnel in soft soil area, the cracking and leakage of of differential settlement appears during the operation of immersed segments caused by the excessive settlement severely impacts the operational safety of immersed tunnels. The immersed tunnel settlement in essence results from changes of mechanical properties of saturated undisturbed underwater soil caused by the disturbance of tunnel construction and the soil deformation with significant time -space characteristics under external loads. So a study is necessary to accurately calculate the values and distributions of settlement with time - space characteristics. Research conclusions： （ 1 ） The results show that the settlement rate of outer ring immersed tunnel has maintained about 0.001 5 mm/d, the settlement converges to steady state. （2） The thickness of siltation on top of the immersed tunnel is deeper, the development of settlement is greater, the dredging should be timely. （3） The settlement during the operation increases caused by the dissipation of pore water pressure in foundation layer. The reasonable treatment method of foundation layer is beneficial to reduce the settlement. （4） The research result can provide theoretical basis for the foundation problems of soft clay with time - space characteristics, and reference for optimization tunnel design and assurance operation safety of the immersed tunnel.
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