中文摘要：

肝癌的现代治疗原则已从单一的外科手术切除发展为多学科参与、多技术应用、多阶段序贯的综合治疗。但是，这一理念还远没有成为肝癌临床实践中一以贯之的追求，相关学科之间缺乏经常性的、实质性的、富有成效的合作。其深层次的原因，是医师们专业越来越细化，仅仅从各自专业的视角看肝癌，缺乏哲学层面的深度思考。本文分别从医学本质、肝脏在人体中的定位、肝癌发生发展机制、肝癌的生物学和病理特点四个方面分析了肝癌治疗应有的人文取向、根本原则、现代理念和方式取舍，为进一步提升肝癌疗效提供思维方法上的参考。

英文摘要：

The modern management principle of liver carcinoma has been transformed from single surgical treatment domina- tion into comprehensive multi--disciplinary treatments. But this modern idea is still a little far from a consistent clinical pursuit of physicians, leading to the fact that the related disciplines are in lack of regular, substantive and fruitful cooperation. The deeper reason for this is that physicians are more and more professional, they deal with liver carcinoma only from the perspective of their own profession and lack deeper thinking on philosophical level. The present paper analyzed the ae quired human orientation, the fundamental principles, the modern ideas and selection of therapeutic modalities in the treatment of liver carcinoma from four aspects respectively including the nature of medicine, positioning of liver and its function in the human body, the mechanism of occurrence and development of liver carcinoma and the biological and pathophysiological characteristics of liver carcinoma, aiming to provide reference on the thinking method for further enhancing the efficacy of liver carcinoma.