中文摘要：

选择在河南仰韶村文化遗址内,分别选取一个受到古人类活动干扰的土壤剖面（简称文化剖面）和没有受到古人类活动干扰的土壤剖面（简称自然剖面）,通过分析和比较两个剖面中炭屑、各种氧化物含量和土壤发育指标数值,研究古人类活动对土壤发育的影响。研究结果显示,在古人类用火形成的灰烬层中,炭屑含量达到最大值2.38×105粒g-1,约为自然剖面最高值的12.35倍,这使得Si O2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、K2O、Mg O和Na2O含量相对减少,均达到最小值,而Ca O、Mn O含量达到最大值,表明古人类用火产生大量含Ca和Mn物质;而在古人类居住形成的文化层中,除Si O2几乎无变化外,其余物质均出现最大值或达到波峰,表明古人类居住活动有利于各种氧化物的富集。文化剖面发育指标数值总体高于自然剖面,在文化剖面内,文化层和灰烬层的上覆和下伏自然土层中各种元素物质含量基本相同,表明古人类活动阻碍了各种元素物质向下迁移和聚集,使下伏自然土层保持在一个相对封闭的环境中,由此推测古人类活动基本阻碍了土壤发育进程。

英文摘要：

【Objective】In recent years,the issue of influences of human activities on soil development has been drawing more and more attention,however,present researches are main focused on impacts of modern cultivation and urban activities on soil,with little attention to those of ancient human activities on soil. As a matter of fact,ancient human activities have left so many traces in the soil that it is feasible to expose the influence of ancient human activities on soil genesis and development,and intensity and range of the activities through pedological researches and hence to provide archaeologists with certain scientific basis in their work. 【Method】In this paper,two soil profiles in the Yangshao Village cultural relic site of Henan Province,one containing obvious evidence of ancient human activities（cultural profile in short）and the other free of any ancient human disturbance（natural profile in short）,were chosen for comparison. By referring to the method for studying genetic features of paleosol and the means of explore for charcoal grains that may indicate intensity of ancient human activities this paper focused on analysis of the two profiles for comparison in content of various oxides and soil weathering and development indices,Sa,Saf and ba,and hence for influences of ancient human activities on soil formation and development. 【Result】Results show that ancient human activities varied in influence on migration and accumulation of various oxides. In the ash layer formed by ancient human using fire,the number of charcoal grains was the highest,reaching 238,153 pcs g-1,which was about 12.35 times the maximum in the natural profile,thus leading to relatively lower Si O2,Al2O3,Fe2O3,K2 O,Mg O and Na2 O contents,or down to the minimum,while bringing the contents of Ca O and Mn O up to the maximum,which indicates that the use of fire by the ancient human beings generated a great deal of materials abundant in Ca and Mn. In the cultural layer formed by Living of ancient humans,all oxides expect Si O2,