中文摘要：

为了从微观角度分析绝缘材料老化和击穿的原因，研制了一套基于电声脉冲法（PEA）直接测量聚合物中空间电荷分布的试验装置。分析了电声脉冲法测量空间电荷的原理；设计了一种基于测试系传递函数的陡脉冲（幅值600V，脉宽10ns），以消除由系统硬件引起的过冲；讨论了各种干扰对测量结果的影响，设计了前置宽带高频小信号放大电路（增益34dB，带宽340MHz）和压电传感器。试验表明，该测量装置的分辨率可达到3012m，输出波形能直接反映试样中空间电荷分布，避免了复杂的数学处理，并以此装置实测了变频电机绝缘用聚酰亚胺膜中空间电荷的分布。

英文摘要：

In order to make the micro perspective of insulating materials varied with aging process possible, an apparatus that can directly measure the space charge distribution in the polymer insulation materials is developed, which is realized by the pulse electro-acoustic method （PEA）. At first, the principle of the direct measurement for PEA is analyzed. For eliminating the overshoot peak caused by the hardware, a new voltage waveform （width, 6 ns; amplitude, 600 V） designed based on the impulse response of the measurement system, is employed. The amplifier（gain 34 dB; bandwidth, 340 MHz） and the piezoelectric device are designed to measure the space charge, and some influencing factor is also considered. The experimentations show that the spatial resolution is about 30μm. The output signal can show the space charge distribution directly, without the need to conduct deconvolution. And the space charge distribution in the polymer insulation used in inverter motors is also presented at the end of this paper.