中文摘要：

用扫描电镜对国产水龙骨科（Polypodiaceae）19属54种1变种1变型和国外产水龙骨科1属6种植物的孢子进行了观察.结果表明：该科植物的孢子为单裂缝,两侧对称,极面观为椭圆形,赤道面观为肾形或豆形,外壁较厚,光滑或形成疣状、波纹状或不规则块状纹饰,周壁较薄,具瘤状、颗粒状纹饰或光滑具附属物.根据孢子表面的纹饰可分为6种类型：（1）疣状纹饰,如东北多足蕨（Polypodiumvirginianum L.）和友水龙骨[Polypodiodes amoe-na（Wall.ex Mett.）Ching]等;（2）瘤状纹饰,如石韦[Pyrrosialingua（Thunb.）Farwell]和石蕨[Saxiglossuman-gustissi mum（Gies.）Ching]等;（3）颗粒状纹饰,如狭叶毛鳞蕨（Tricholepidiumangustifolium Ching）和紫柄假瘤蕨[Phymatopteris crenatopinnata（C.B.Clarke）Pic.Serm.]等;（4）波纹状纹饰,如瓦韦[Lepisorus thunbergianus（Kaulf.）Ching]和伏石蕨（Lemmaphyllum microphyllum C.Presl）等;（5）不规则块状纹饰,如有边瓦韦（Lepisorusmarginatus Ching）和江南星蕨[Microsorumfortunei（T.Moore）Ching]等;（6）光滑具附属物,如丝带蕨[Drymo-taenium miyoshianum（Makino）Makino]和瘤蕨[Phymatosorus scolopendria（Burm.）Pic.Serm.]等.从孢粉学的角度探讨了该科的属间系统演化关系,认为水龙骨科可能具有4条不同的演化路线,并对其与近缘科的关系进行了探讨.

英文摘要：

Spores of 54 species,1 variety and 1 form in 19 genera of the Polypodiaceae from China and 6 species in 1 genus overseas were examined under scanning electron microscope（SEM）.The results show that：the spores of Polypodiaceae are monolete,bilaterally symmetric,elliptic in polar view and reniform or fabiform in equator view.The thick epispore is psilate,verrucate,undulate or rugulate.The thin perispore is tuberculate,granulate or psilate with ornaments.The spores of Polypodiaceae are divided into six types based on surface ornamentations.Type 1：Verrucate,such as Polypodium virginianum L.and Polypodiodes amoena（Wall.ex Mett.） Ching.Type 2：Tuberculate,such as Pyrrosia lingua（Thunb.） Farwell and Saxiglossum angustissimum（Gies.） Ching.Type 3：Granulate,such as Tricholepidium angustifolium Ching and Phymatopteris crenatopinnata（C.B.Clarke） Pic.Serm..Type 4：Undulate,such as Lepisorus thunbergianus（Kaulf.） Ching and Lemmaphyllum microphyllum C.Presl.Type 5：Rugulate,such as Lepisorus marginatus Ching and Microsorum fortunei（T.Moore） Ching.Type 6：Psilate with ornaments,such as Drymotaenium miyoshianum（Makino） Makino and Phymatosorus scolopendria（Burm.） Pic.Serm..The relationships of genera in the Polypodiaceae are discussed based on spore morphology.There are probably 4 evolution routes in the family according to phylogeny of genera.This paper also discussed the relationships between the Polypodiaceae and its allied families.