中文摘要：

2006年11月在莱州湾及邻近海域的25个站位进行大型底栖动物取样调查。运用PRIMER软件对大型底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系进行多变量统计分析。结果表明,莱州湾及黄河口邻近海域与渤海中部为2个不同的群落,这2个群落在各类群的丰度、生物量和种类组成上有所不同：渤海中部群落以耳口露齿螺（Ringicula （Ringicula） doliaris）、豆形凯利蛤（Kellia porculus）、不倒翁虫（Sternaspis scutata）和塞切尔泥钩虾（Eriopisella sechellensis）为优势种类,而湾内群落则以小亮樱蛤（Nitidotellina minuta）、杯尾水虱（Cythura sp.）、中华蜾赢蜚（Corophium sinense）和不倒翁虫为代表。莱州湾西部黄河口外的3个站位构成了不同于湾内其它站位的亚群落,该群落主要以日本强鳞虫（Sthenolepis japonica）、日本倍棘蛇尾（Amphioplus japonicus）、理蛤（Theora lata）和细长涟虫（Iphinoe tenera）为代表。群落结构的这种差异主要与水深、底盐、底温和底氧的变化有关,同时也受到沉积物Chla含量和异质性系数等沉积环境因子的影响。研究海域的水层环境条件主要与水深和离岸的远近有关,而沉积环境条件特别是粒度组成主要受到黄河的影响,自西向东颗粒由细变粗,异质性增加,粉砂-黏土含量下降。沉积环境梯度的变化及其对大型底栖生物群落结构的影响在莱州湾较渤海中部更加明显。与1980年代和90年代相比,莱州湾及渤海中部大型底栖动物的种类组成和群落结构发生了改变,总的来说是朝向更小型的多毛类和甲壳类比例增加,而体型较大的棘皮动物和双壳类软体动物种类减少的方向发展。

英文摘要：

A quantitative survey on macrobenthos was carried out at 25 sampling stations in Laizhou Bay and adjacent central Bohai Sea waters in November 2006.Multivariate statistical procedures included in PRIMER were used to investigate the community structure and to elucidate the relationship between community structure and environment variables in the study waters.Results suggested that two macrobenthic communities with different faunal and species composition could be recognized.The one located in central Bohai Sea was represented by Ringicula（Ringicula） doliaris,Kellia porculus,Sternaspis scutata and Eriopisella sechellensis.The other in Laizhou Bay was characterized by Nitidotellina minuta,Cythura sp.,Corophium sinense and Sternaspis scutata.The three stations located outside of the Huanghe River Estuary in the west of the bay formed a sub-group within the major Laizhou Bay group and was dominated by Sthenolepis japonica,Amphioplus japonicus,Theora lata and Iphinoe tenera.Difference in community structure could be best explained by water depth,bottom salinity and other factors in the bottom water,but was also correlated with sediment chlorophyll a content and heterogeneity.Pelagic environment in the study waters was primarily related with water depth and distance to the coast.Sedimentary environment,especially sediment composition was primarily influenced by Huanghe River,with an increasing particle size and heterogeneity and decreasing silt-clay from the west to the east.Sedimentary environmental gradient and its influence on faunal structure were more apparent in Laizhou Bay than that in central Bohai Sea.Compared with 1980s and 1990s,species composition and community structure of macrobenthos in the study waters have been changing in a general direction towards more small polychaetes and crustaceans and less large-sized species of echinoderms and bivalve mollusks.