中文摘要：

吲哚胺2，3-双加氧化酶1（indoleamine2，3dioxygenase 1，ID01）是肝脏以外催化色氨酸沿着犬尿氨酸途径（KP）分解代谢的限速酶。IDO1过度活化引起犬尿氨酸途径上具有神经毒性的产物的蓄积，是导致神经紊乱和神经退行性疾病的重要原因。ID01又是免疫耐受酶，在诱导母胎免疫耐受和肿瘤免疫逃逸中均发挥重要作用，被视为新的免疫检查点。IDOl与阿尔茨海默病，肿瘤免疫逃逸等疾病的相关性已被证实，因此ID01抑制剂作为极具潜能的药物受到日益广泛的关注。

英文摘要：

Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase I（IDO1） is an extrahepatic enzyme that catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in the catabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan （Trp） along the kynurenine pathway （KP）. The overexpression or overactivation of IDOl leads to the accumulation of downstream neurotoxic metabolite, quinolinic acid （QUIN）, which is the main reason of nervous disorder and neurodegenerative disease. As an immunotolerant enzyme, IDOl is regarded as a new immune checkpoint due to vital role in both the induction of maternal-fetal immune tolerance and tumor immune escape. IDOl has emerged as a promising molecular target of new therapeutic agents for treating neurological disorders such as Alzheimer＇s disease and tumor lmmunoescape