中文摘要：

目的探讨建立更简便有效的大鼠肢体移植急性排斥反应动物模型。方法以Wistar大鼠为供体，SD大鼠为受体，将Wistar大鼠的后侧（左侧或右侧）肢体移植给sD大鼠。实验分成两组，传统术式组：离断SD大鼠原有后侧肢体，将Wistar大鼠同侧肢体通过固定骨骼、吻合血管神经、缝合肌肉皮肤的方法移植给SD大鼠；改进术式组：保留SD大鼠原有后侧肢体，将供体Wistar大鼠的后侧肢体按照左肢配右肢或右肢配左肢的原则，通过缝合皮肤和肌肉的方法固定于SD大鼠后侧肢体的内侧，只吻合股动、静脉，不吻合神经、血管，不固定骨骼。记录两种模型的手术时间、手术前后的体重改变．术后显微外科常规护理，记录移植后宿主饮食量、体重变化、观察移植物变化、手术成功率。结果两种肢体移植模型各50例，74例成活，移植物排斥反应再现稳定，生存时间均为（14±2）d。传统组和改进组的手术时间分别为（125±40）min、（70±21）min，手术前后平均体重减少量分别为（3．78±1．09）g、（2．05±0．90）g。术后3d左右，改进组大鼠体重开始增加，传统组1周内体重均持续减少。手术成功率传统组为38％，改进组为90％。在以上4个方面，改进组明显优于传统组（P〈0．05）。结论改良术式具有操作简单，成功率高，手术时间短，对大鼠创伤小，大鼠恢复快，值得借鉴和推广。

英文摘要：

Objective To establish more simple and effective rat limbs transplantation. Methods Taking Wister rat as donator, SD rat as recipient, and transplanting Wister rat rear limbs （right or left） to SD rat.The experiments were carried out in two group, the traditional group （after mutilation of SD rat limbs, transplanting the similar side Wister rat rear limbs to SD rat by fixing bone, anastomosing nervi vasorum, suturing muscle and skin） and the improvement group （retaining SD rat limbs,and fixing Wister right limbs on the left inner side of SD rat limbs or fixing Wister left limbs on the right inner side of SD rat limbs by suturing muscle and skin. Then only anastomoing femoral artery and femoral vein, and not anastoming nervi, not fixing bone）. Recording operation time and weight change after operation. Microsurgery usual care Recording host drink and food and weight. Observing implant change. Results Seventy-four operations were accomplished successfully. Graft rejection reappear stably. All 74 rats survived over 14 days after transplantation. The operation time of traditional group and imrovement group were （125 ± 40） min and （70 ±21） min respectively. Decreased body weight of traditional group and improvement group were （3.78 ± 1.09）and（2.05 ± 0.90） g respectively. After 3 days, the weight of improvement group rat begin to increase, however, traditional group rat always dcrease in one week. Operation achievement ratio of traditional group and improvement group were 38%, 90% respectively. Improvement group is better than traditional group in above 4 section. Conclusion The method is more simple, applicable and requires shorter time. less trauma to rats and rats recover quickly. It can be used in establishing rat limbs transplantation acute rejection model.