中文摘要：

化学渗透现象引起的＂耦合流＂研究,已广泛应用于地球科学、环境科学和土木工程等多个领域。回顾了自20世纪50年代以来化学渗透以及黏土半透膜效应的研究进展。分别从理论基础、试验研究和数值模型等3个方面综述了黏土岩土的化学渗透效应的理论及其研究进展,重点阐述了化学渗透现象及其黏土半透膜效应的室内试验、场地试验及野外证据以及化学渗透＂耦合流＂的不连续模型和连续模型。指出今后应重点研究黏性土化学渗透效应对地下水流及溶质运移的影响研究。这将有利于我国进一步开展考虑化学渗透效应的地下水数值模拟研究。

英文摘要：

Osmotic phenomena refer to water and solute transport processes that occur when transport of solute molecules or ions is restricted by the porous medium relative to that of water molecules. Chemical osmosis and reverse osmosis/ultrafiltration are osmotic phenomena. The studies of ＂coupled flow ＂caused by chemical osmosis have been widely applied in many fields,such as earth science,environmental science and civil engineering. This paper provided a review of the considerable advances in the field of chemical osmosis and clay semipermeable membrane since the 1950 s. We summarized the research progress of chemical osmosis in clayey sediments into three aspects： theoretical basis,experimental research and numerical model. In particular,the laboratory equipment and measurement methods of the chemico-osmotic efficiency coefficient σ were described,. The existing discontinuous models based on the ‘diffusive double layer＇theory were summerized,as well as the various control factors of σ. It increases with Cation Exchange Capacity（CEC）,compaction pressure and decreases by the increasing of porosity and solution concentration. This paper also summerized the contimuum models based on non-equilibrium thermodynamics,which are used to explain and predict anomalies of hydraulic head pressure and salinity in clayey environments. For the future development of this discipline,it is critical to find a reliable method to confirm the σ value. It is also critical to emphasize the research on chemical osmosis in complex conditions and the influence of chemical osmosis on groundwater flow and solute transpotation. China has just stepped into this research area and more efforts should be made if significant progress is desired. This review will be helpful to further research on groundwater numerical simulation integrated with chemical osmosis in China.