中文摘要：

依托国土资源部土地利用变更数据，分析了1998-2007年中国耕地的数量及其结构变化。研究表明：①2007年，我国耕地中的灌溉水田、望天田、水浇地、旱地、菜地比重分别为22．61％、3．40％、17．66％、55．13％和1．19％，旱地占有绝对的比重；②1998-2007年，我国耕地、灌溉水田、望天田、水浇地、旱地、菜地的变化率分别为-6．04％、-3．45％、-4．29％、-0．58％、-8．81％和-3．00％，耕地的变化以旱地、灌溉水田和望天田的减少为主；③部分省份水浇地和菜地面积有比较明显的增加，主要原因可能是灌溉水田向水浇地以及水浇地向旱地的转换。近年来，质量较差的非灌溉耕地的减少速度较快，使我国耕地组成质量有所改善。

英文摘要：

Based on the data of land use survey acquired from the Ministry of Land and Resources, this paper analyzed the quantity and structure change of cultivated land from 1998 to 2007 in China. This research concludes： 1） proportion of irrigated paddy field, upland paddy field, irrigable land, dry land and vegetable land are 22.61%, 3.40%, 17.66%, 55.13% and 1.19% respectively. The dry land has absolute proportion in cultivated land. 2） The change ratio of cultivated land, irrigated paddy field, upland paddy field, irrigable land, dry land and vegetable land from 1998 to 2007 are -6.04%, -3.45%, -4.29%, -0.58%, -8.81% and -3.00% respectively. The main character of cultivated land change is the decrease of dry land, irrigated paddy field and upland paddy field. 3） Because of the land use type convertion from irrigated paddy field to irrigated land and from irrigated land to vegetable land, the irrigated land and vegetable land area in some provinces of China increased from 1998 to 2007. The quality of cultivated land structure was improved because no irrigation cultivated land decreased relative quickly in recent years.