中文摘要：

随着移动通信设备的普及，无线网络逐渐成为网络领域的热点研究内容。由于无线环境通信具有大传输时延、间歇性连接以及高误码率等特征，传统的面向连接的网络形式面临了巨大的挑战。机会网络（Opportunistic Network）的出现，为组建无线网络提供了一种新模式。机会网络采用“存储一携带～转发”的路由机制，信息传递通过节点移动带来的相遇机会实现，从而能够为缺乏持续端到端连接的网络提供通信服务。系统地介绍了机会网络的概念、结构以及节点移动模型、路由机制、拥塞控制等方面的研究进展，并对其未来的研究方向进行了展望。

英文摘要：

With the wide popularity of mobile communication equipment, wireless networks become a research hot topic in the field of networking. The traditional wireless networks face huge challenges due to the characteristics of wireless environment, such as large transmission delay, intermittent connection and high error rate. The appearance of opportunistic networks provides a new way of wireless network accessing. Opportunistic networks use a “store-carry-forward” routing, which can delivery messages by the node movement without end-to-end connections. The paper systematically introduces the concept and architecture of opportunistic networks, lists important research fields, and then explains the direction for future research.