中文摘要：

配体在纳米晶的制备和表面功能化过程中起着至关重要的作用。本文对金纳米晶制备和表面修饰中常见的分子配体，如柠檬酸根、巯基化合物、表面活性剂、树枝状分子、生物分子等的研究进展进行了概述。重点介绍了不同分子配体在金纳米晶尺寸形貌控制及表面功能化等方面的特点和作用，并对相关研究领域未来的发展趋势进行了展望。

英文摘要：

Ligand molecules play vitally important roles in the syntheses and surface functionalization of nanocrystals. In this review, the recent research developments of the common molecular ligands, such as citrate, thiols, surfactants, dendrimers and biomolecules used in the preparation and surface modification of gold nanocrystals are summarized. The effect of the different ligands on tuning the size, morphology and surface properties of gold nanocrystals is introduced and future trends in this research area are prospected.