中文摘要：

钙离子（Ca^2＋）是重要的第二信使，通过与效应蛋白的结合和解离，以及在不同细胞器之间的穿梭运动而精确调控细胞活动，参与多种重要生命过程。细胞内具有精确调节Ca^2＋时空分布的调控系统。在静息状态下，细胞内的游离Ca^2＋浓度约为100nmol／L；而当细胞受到信号刺激后，胞内的Ca^2＋浓度可上升至1000nmol／L甚至更高。细胞中存在多种跨膜运送Ca抖的膜蛋白，以精确调节Ca^2＋浓度的时空动态变化，其中，细胞质膜上的多种C矿通道（包括电压门控通道、受体门控通道、储存控制通道等），以及内质网／肌质网和线粒体等胞内“钙库”膜上的雷诺丁受体、三磷酸肌醇受体等膜蛋白复合物，均可提升胞内Ca^2＋浓度，而细胞质膜上的钠钙交换体、质膜Ca^2＋ATP酶、“钙库”膜上的内质网Ca^2＋-ATP酶、线粒体Ca抖单向转运体等，可将Ca^2＋浓度降低至静息态水平。质膜钙ATP酶是向细胞外运送Ca^2＋的关键膜蛋白，本文将对其结构、功能及其酶活性的调控机制做一简要综述。

英文摘要：

By binding with effector proteins and translocation within the intracellular membrane systems, calcium ion （Ca2＋） is central in the regulation of a large number of fundamental cellular physiological functions, and the dynamics of Ca2. must be tightly regulated. In quiescent cells, the intracellular Ca2＋ concentration （[Ca2＋） is about 100 nmol/L; however, when the cells were activated by various stimuli, the [Ca2＋] reaches as high as 1000 nmol/L. A set of membrane proteins are responsible for transporting the Ca2＋ across the membrane, among them, various Ca2＋ channels located on the plasma membrane （including voltage-gated channel, receptor-gated channel, and store-operated channel） or the intracellular membranes （ryanodine receptor, IP3 receptor） are responsible for the elevation of [Ca2＋], whilst calcium ATPases （also known as calcium pumps）, sodium/calcium exchanger and mitochondrial uniporter are responsible for the decrease of [Ca2＋]. Calcium ATPases anchored in plasma membrane （PMCA） shows high affinity to Ca2＋ and is one of the crucial membrane proteins for the efflux of Ca2＋ The structure, function and regulation mechanisms of PMCA will be reviewed here.