中文摘要：

能源是人类生存与发展的物质基础，但是矿物能源资源的有限性、不可再生性及其利用所造成的环境污染，使人们越来越重视清洁可再生的生物质能源开发利用。生物质热化学裂解已引起了越来越广泛的兴趣，但微波裂解更具优势而备受关注。为梳理生物质微波裂解技术的现状和预测未来发展方向，综述了其研究进展。同时，着重介绍了微波加热的特点、机理、优势及应用，考察了微波裂解对不同原料的加工效果及其主要研究成果，综述了微波裂解气态产物和液态产物的特点、优势与应用前景。最后预测了生物质微波裂解未来的发展方向，主要包括寻求如海藻等高效低耗的生物质原料，开发更经济高效的转化技术和设备，探索有效的生物质催化裂解技术，开发高价值的生物油及其副产品等。

英文摘要：

Energy serves as the material foundation of human survival and development. However, because of the limited supply, non - renewability, and environmental pollution of traditional fossil energy sources, more and more attention has been focused on research and development of clean and renewable biomass energy. Thermal chemical pyrolysis of biomass attracted much interest, but substantial interest has focused on microwave assisted pyrolysis of biomass. The research ad- vances in microwave assisted pyrolysis technologies were reviewed in order to know the current situation and predict their developing trends. The characteristics, mechanism, advantages and applications of microwave beating were briefly introduced. The treatment effects and main research results for microwave assisted pyrolysis of different kinds of biomass were described. The characteristics, advantages and application prospects of gaseous and liquid products by microwave assisted pyrolysis were reviewed. Finally, the developing trends in microwave assisted pyrolysis of biomass were predicted, mainly including seeking high - efficiency and low - cost biomass resources such as algae, developing more economical and efficient biomass -to -energy conversion technologies and equipment, exploring effective biomass catalytic pyrolysis proces- ses, and producing high - value bio - oil and by - products, etc.