中文摘要：

作物与家畜是农业系统的核心组分，相互作用推动农业系统不断进化。作物-家畜综合生产系统中，作物生产与家畜生产之间构成较为完整和通畅的物流与能流网络，它经历了6个演化阶段：原始的食物收集系统（OHF）→原始的作物-家畜综合系统（OICL）→粗放的专门化生产系统（ES，ESC和ESL）-＋粗放的作物-家畜综合系统（EIcL）→集约化的专门生产系统（IS，ISC和IsL）→集约化的作物-家畜综合系统（IICL），经过2次专门化和3次整合，表现为螺旋式上升的趋势。主要综合系统类型包括传统的作物-家畜综合生产系统（C-ICL）、作物／天然草地-家畜综合生产系统（ICL-R）、草田轮作-家畜综合生产系统（ICL-CF）、栽培草地一家畜综合生产系统（ICL—SP）、农林牧复合系统（ICL-W）和作物-家畜／基塘综合生产系统（ICL-P），相互之间沿着一定的环境梯度演替。集约化系统主要存在于发达国家和地区，粗放型在发展中国家和落后地区较为普遍，两者在系统结构、作物与家畜的互作模式、外部投入与生产力水平、生产目的等方面明显不同。作物-家畜互作对农业系统中土壤：植物、微生物、家畜、营养物质循环、能量平衡和经济效益有显著作用。国内外对作物-家畜综合生产系统的内涵、发展阶段、结构与功能的研究有诸多异同，但是尚存在研究对象不全面，尺度单一，方法不可靠，主要针对的是作物系统，及能流分析与物流分析脱节等问题。

英文摘要：

Both crop and livestock play key roles in agricultural system. In the integrated crop-livestock production system, there is an intact net of matter flow and energy flow between crop sub-system and livestock subsystem and residues of one sub-system often are used as raw material of another one. The interaction between crop and livestock has promoted evolution of agricultural system and there have been six stages： Originally hunting and foraging system （OHF）, originally integrated crop-livestock production system （OICL）, exten sively specialized production system （ES） including extensively specialized crop production system （ESC） and extensively spe system （EICL） cialized livestock production system （ESLP）, extensively integrated crop-livestock production , intensively specialized production system （IS） including intensively specialized crop production system （ISC） and intensively specialized livestock production system （ISL）, intensively integrated cropstock production system （IICL）. And there have taken place two specializations and three integrations of live crop production and livestock production during evolution of agricultural system and productivity has risen in a spi ral. Integrated crop-livestock production system comprises six dominant types, classical system （C-ICL）, sys tern based on rangeland （ICL-R）, system based on crop/forage rotation （ICL-CF）, system based on sown pas ture （ICL-SP）, system based silvo-pasture （or based on pond （ICL-P）. Furthermore, one type woodland） （ICL-W, agro-silvopastoral system） and system of system could succeed to the other one along the given envi-ronmental gradient. Intensive agricultural system is mainly prevalent in developed countries, whilst extensive one is dominant in developing countries, and intensive system is significantly different from extensive system in light of components, interaction of crop and livestock, input of outside, productivity and management goals. Crop-livestock interaction i