中文摘要：

通过理化分析及生物检测方法，对大宝山矿区土层中速溶性矿物的理化特征及其生物毒性进行了初步分析。结果表明，大宝山矿区土层中的矿物组成成分较为复杂，含有大量的氧化性硫酸盐及其他致酸物质和重金属。矿物易溶于水，所得溶液pH较低（pH〈2．15），并富含大量的重金属Cu、Pb、压、Cd以及Fe、Mn等元素，因而具有极强的生物毒性。矿物水溶液的稳定性较差，溶液的理化指标变化较大。急性和慢性生物毒性试验表明，即使溶液pH被中和至7．22以上，但溶液仍显示出较强的生物毒性，3．117mg／L的矿物溶液即会使试验生物在24h内的死亡率达到100％，说明该水溶性矿物的生物毒性除了受强酸性物质的影响外，还与矿物中多种组分共存时的联合生物毒性有关。在一般的水体中，该水溶性矿物的安全排放浓度仅为0．006mg／L。研究结果可为对矿山废物外排对下游生态环境的影响及生态风险评价提供理论依据。

英文摘要：

Physicochemical analysis and bioinstrumentation have been conducted to investigate the physicoehemical characteristics and biotoxicity of water-soluble acid mine wastes （AMW） in the soil-layer from the Dabacshan mining district. The results showed that the composition of the minerals could be comparatively complicated, and the minerals contain a lot of reducing sulfides and other acid matter and heavy metals. The minerals are unstable and extremely easy to dissolve in water. The pH of the solution could be as low as 2.15 with high concentrations of the heavy metals, Fe and Mn, in the solution of AMW. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Mn and Fe in the solution were 419.5 mg/L, 0.974mg/L, 462.8 mg/L, 0.204 mg/L, 149000 mg/L and 174.4 mg/L, respectively. The biomonitoring results showed that there was severe biotoxicity to Daphnian in the solution of AMW. A survey found no animal even in case that the pH of the solution of AMW increased from 2.15 to 7.22 by ISO-water neutralization. This indicated that the toxicity of AMW is related mainly to acid, which was also influenced significantly by the concentrations of coexisting heavy metals. It seems reasonable to suggest that the AMW from the Dabacshan mining district could cause severe damage to the downstream aquatic ecosystem.