中文摘要：

作为一门新兴学科的合成生物学已经展现出巨大的科学价值和应用前景。近年来已经发表了多篇综述文章,从不同角度对合成生物学进行了总结和论述。文章首次对合成生物学和微生物遗传学之间的关系进行了阐述,同时介绍了合成生物学在微生物遗传物质的重构方面最近的研究进展,包括微生物遗传物质的合成、设计和精简,遗传元件的标准化和遗传线路的模块化。也探讨了合成生物学与微生物遗传工程的关系。

英文摘要：

As an emerging discipline,synthetic biology has shown great scientific values and application prospects.Although there have been many reviews of various aspects on synthetic biology over the last years,this article,for the first time,attempted to discuss the relationship and difference between microbial genetics and synthetic biology.We summarized the recent development of synthetic biology in rearranging microbial genetic materials,including synthesis,design and reduction of genetic materials,standardization of genetic parts and modularization of genetic circuits.The relationship be-tween synthetic biology and microbial genetic engineering was also discussed in the paper.