中文摘要：

对单质炸药受低速撞击的力学和化学响应研究,是进行炸药敏感性评价的基础。利用配备了光学观测的落锤撞击装置,实现了频率为1.5×10^5 s^-1的实时观测,不但可以区分样品的＂爆＂或＂不爆＂,而且可以获取RDX和HMX颗粒炸药受落锤低速撞击变形、破碎、溅射、点火和燃烧随时间演化的特征。结果表明：RDX颗粒是在液相中点火,而HMX颗粒在固相中点火;燃烧反应前常常发生剧烈的溅射现象,溅射是由气相反应产物释放能量推动破碎的颗粒所致。对比了单个和单层颗粒炸药响应的特点,多个颗粒由于热点密集和破碎后相互作用,其燃烧反应比单个颗粒燃烧反应更剧烈。根据图像处理估算燃烧波传播速度,很好地表征了样品宏观燃烧反应的剧烈程度。

英文摘要：

The mechanical and chemical response of explosives under low velocity impact is the basis for the evaluation of their sensitivity.The drop-weight impact apparatus equipped with the optical photography was used to achieve a frequency of 150 thousand seconds of real time observation.It was capable of distinguishing the samples of ＂ Go＂ or ＂ no Go＂ and observing such characteristics of deformation,crushing and breakage,jetting,ignition and combustion evolution,of RDX and HMX particles under low velocity impact.The selected photographic frames show that ignition occurred in the partially melted RDX phase.But for the HMX particles,ignition mainly occurred in the solid phase.A violent jetting phenomenon often occurs before the reaction of combustion.The occurrence of jetting primarily results from the energy released by gaseous products,which push the pulverized or melted explosives splash.The response characteristics of single and multiple granular explosives were compared.Because of the interaction of the hot spots broken,the combustion reaction of the particles is more intense than that of the single particles.The size ratio of the image to the actual length can be used to estimate combustion wave propagation velocity in each case,which is very suitable for characterizing the intensity of the macro-combustion reaction.