中文摘要：

中天观测数据在建立太阳系高精度行星历表时具有重要作用. 在处理由JPL （Jet Propulsion Laboratory） 以及IMCCE （Institut De Mecanique Celeste Et De Calcul Des Ephemerides） 提供的中天数据时发现, 有若干组数据的参考星表没有被明确指出. 对于这些信息不完整的数据, 无从改正数据由参考星表而引起的系统差. 课题研究的主要目的是利用DE421 历表确定存在缺陷的这类观测数据的参考星表. 通过DE421 给出行星在GCRS （Geocentric Celestial Reference System） 中的相应位置, 并把此位置转换到参考假定的参考星表时行星的理论视位置. 通过引入的两个统计量分析原始数据与理论位置的差异显著性, 检验假定的数据参考星表是否恰当. 结果显示, 此方法能够有效区分数据的参考星表, 能够确定信息不完整的数据组缺少的参考星表. 最后, 所有中天数据被转换到~GCRS 坐标系, 以便在历表研制中使用.

英文摘要：

The meridian observational data are useful for developing high-precision planetary ephemerides of the solar system. These historical data are provided by the jet propulsion laboratory （JPL） or the Institut De Mecanique Celeste Et De Calcul Des Ephemerides （IMCCE）. However, we find that the reference systems （realized by the fundamental catalogs FK3 （Third Fundamental Catalogue）, FK4 （Fourth Fundamental Catalogue）, and FK5 （Fifth Fundamental Catalogue）, or Hipparcos）, to which the observations are referred, are not given explicitly for some sets of data. The incompleteness of information prevents us from eliminating the systematic effects due to the different fundamental catalogs. The purpose of this paper is to specify clearly the reference catalogs of these observations with the problems in their records by using the JPL DE421 ephemeris. The data for the corresponding planets in the geocentric celestial reference system （GCRS） obtained from the DE421 are transformed to the apparent places with different hypothesis regarding the reference catalogs. Then the validations of the hypothesis are tested by two kinds of statistical quantities which are used to indicate the significance of difference between the original and transformed data series. As a result, this method is proved to be effective for specifying the reference catalogs, and the missed information is determined unambiguously. Finally these meridian data are transformed to the GCRS for further applications in the development of planetary ephemerides.