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中文摘要：
在气候温湿的滑坡灾害易发区,根系通道、动物通道、干裂缝、管道及团聚体间的结构性孔隙等大孔隙普遍存在于斜坡非饱和带中。采用微观观察、化学分析和现场试验方法并结合相关学科的研究成果,分析大孔隙界定、大孔隙类型和主控因素、大孔隙三维空间结构及大孔隙时效稳定。不同测量方法的差异和大孔隙密度时空变异性是目前大孔隙定义缺乏统一性的原因。大孔隙尺寸不能作为唯一标准界定大孔隙,必须考虑其三维几何形态。多因素控制大孔隙的成因和类型,其中根系通道、裂缝和结构性孔隙对优先流有显著贡献。需从三维几何学和拓扑学方面进一步研究大孔隙三维结构。枯枝落叶层是大孔隙抵御环境因素扰动的重要屏障,但大孔隙域与周围基质域水量交换对大孔隙时效稳定是不利的。深入研究以上问题对植被发育斜坡优先流模型的改进和发展是重要的。
英文摘要：
In warm and humid landslide prone area, root channels, faunal tunnels, shrinkage cracks, pipes and inter aggregate porosity are common in vadose zones of hillslopes. By using microscopic observation, chemical analysis and field experiment method, combining the existing research achievements in relative fields, the definitions of macropores, the types of macropores and controlling factors, the three dimensional spatial structure of macropores and the temporal stability of macropores in well vegetated slope were analyzed. The differences between different measurement methods and the temporal and spatial variability of macropores density are causes of no consensus for the definition of macropores. Macropores size alone is not a strfficient criterion for the definition of a maeropore, and then three dimensional geometry morphology of macropores must be take into consideration. The formation and the type of macropores are controlled by several factors. Root channels, shrinkage cracks and inter aggregate porosity makes a significant contribution to preferential flow. The spatial structure of macropores needs to be further investi- gated from two aspects of three dimensional geometry and topology. Litters protect the soil beneath from rainfall im- pact and filter out the fine particles that may clog macropores, but water transfer between macropores domain and the surrounding soil matrix domain have negative effects. An indepth research of above questions is important for the improvement and development of preferential flow model of well vegetated slopes.
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