中文摘要：

一个有效、精确的答案算法为广泛地在水力的工程存在的 1-D unsteadyflow 问题被建议。基于裂口特征 finiteelement 方法，有 1-D 的 Saint-Venant 方程的数字模型不稳定的流动 wasestablished。装配有限元素方程与 tri 斜的 matrixalgorithm 被解决。在半含蓄、明确的计划，空间步骤和流动速度上，不是在波浪迅速上的方法 wasdependent 的批评时间步骤。方法是使用的 toeliminate 限制由于为 unsteadyopen 隧道的计算分析的波浪迅速流动。模型被试验性的数据验证，理论解决方案 andalso 在实际的河网络适用于流动的模拟。它证明 numericalmethod 让高效率和精确性和罐头被用来模仿 1-D 有冲击波或洪水波浪的稳定的流动，和 unsteadyflows。与另外的数字方法相比， thismethod 的算法与更高的精确性，更少的驱散，更高的计算效率和 lesscomputer 存储是更简单的。

英文摘要：

An efficient and accurate solution algorithm was proposed for 1-D unsteady flow problems widely existing in hydraulic engineering. Based on the split-characteristic finite element method, the numerical model with the Saint-Venant equations of 1-D unsteady flows was established. The assembled f＇mite element equations were solved with the tri-diagonal matrix algorithm. In the semi-implicit and explicit scheme, the critical time step of the method was dependent on the space step and flow velocity, not on the wave celerity. The method was used to eliminate the restriction due to the wave celerity for the computational analysis of unsteady open-channel flows. The model was verified by the experimental data and theoretical solution and also applied to the simulation of the flow in practical river networks. It shows that the numerical method has high efficiency and accuracy and can be used to simulate 1-D steady flows, and unsteady flows with shock waves or flood waves. Compared with other numerical methods, the algorithm of this method is simpler with higher accuracy, less dissipation, higher computation efficiency and less computer storage.