中文摘要：

对机车车辆被动安全性研究近几十年的发展进行全面的综述。从机车车辆被动安全性动力学理论,有限元数值模拟分析,多体动力学仿真分析,以及试验分析等4个方面系统梳理和综述近30年来轨道列车被动安全性研究成果,指出4种研究方法的特点和适用范围,评述和总结各自典型的研究方法和最新的研究进展,并对方法存在的问题和未来需要解决的难题进行评述和探讨。最后,根据4种研究方法各自的发展现状和研究中存在的问题,指出轨道列车被动安全性研究的发展方向,特别是针对我国目前在列车碰撞试验方面的空白,提出其研究的可行性和必要性。

英文摘要：

The research work of passive safety of rolling stocks in recent decades had been summarized compre-hensively. The research achievements on the passive safety of rolling stocks over the past 30 years were described systematically from 4 aspects, including the passive safety dynamics theory of rolling stocks, the numerical simulation based on finite element method, multiple body system dynamics and crash tests. The features and scope of the 4 research methods were indicated. At the same time, the respective typical research methods and the latest research progress were summarized, and their existing problems and the problems that need to be solved in the future were also reviewed and discussed. Finally, the development direction of passive safety research of rolling stocks was pointed out according to the state of the art development and existing problems of the 4 research methods. In view of the gap in train collision test research, the necessity and feasibility of the study in train collision test research were proposed.