中文摘要：

流域生态补偿机制是解决流域上下游水资源利用和冲突的重要手段之一。生态补偿的理论基础包括环境外部性理论、生态服务功能价值理论、生态资产理论和公共物品等。作为流域管理的一种制度创新,流域生态补偿的分析框架包括：补偿范围的确定性和系统诊断、补偿主体、客体及其责任的界定、流域生态服务补偿的基本原则、补偿标准与环境补偿协议、补偿方式及资金筹集方式、建立生态补偿机制、补偿政策框架和补偿体系的构建、补偿政策的实践和试点经验。目前中国流域生态补偿以政府主导的财政转移支付为主,包括国家生态补偿项目、地方政府主导的补偿模式。同时,以自发组织的市场交易模式、开放的贸易体系为补充。基于中国生态补偿的问题,提出生态补偿的政策建议：建立基于主体功能区划构建全国层次的生态补偿框架,分层次实施生态补偿;增加生态资本投资的收益,构建多渠道融资机制;理顺体制机制,建立流域综合管理机构,并分初期补偿、产业结构调整和优化发展补偿等3个阶段进行资金使用、区域发展规划和管理;构建基于直接损失、机会成本、发展权限制的损失的生态补偿标准。

英文摘要：

Eco-compensation mechanism for the river valley area is an important means for solving the problems or conflicts related to the use of water resources in such area.Its theoretical foundation includes the external environmental theory,the eco-service function theory,the eco-property theory and public property theory.As an institutional innovation for the management of the river valley area,eco-compensation covers the following： its scope and system,the determination of the compensation subject and object as well as their responsibilities,the basic principle of eco-service compensation,the compensation standards,ways,agreements,funds and policies.The eco-compensation mode in China relies mainly on the government＇s transfer payment at the national or local levels with the free-market trading system as the supplement.This paper brings up the following policy proposals： to establish a national eco-compensation mechanism with different areas for different responsibilities,to increase eco-investment for more benefits,to establish a multi-channel financial mechanism and management system,and to establish a three-stage compensation mechanism for a good planning and sustainable development.