中文摘要：

利用据历史文献中汉代以来的旱涝灾害记载重建的逐年旱涝等级,结合已重建的东部地区干湿指数序列,通过定义判别历史时期极端旱涝事件的标准,分华北、江淮和江南3个区域辨识了过去2000年的重大旱涝事件。结果表明,各个区域的重大旱、涝多发时段分别是：华北地区出现在100～150年、550～650年、1050～1100年与1850～1900年;江淮地区出现在250～450年与1600～1850年;江南出现在350～400年、1100～1200年与1900～1950年。整个东部地区则出现在100～150年、250～350年、750～850年、950～1000年、1050～1150年、1400～1450年、1550～1650年及1800～1950年。20世纪后50年极端旱涝事件的发生频率和强度仅处于过去2000年的平均水平。过去2000年中国东部温度与旱涝关系的对比分析还表明,20世纪后半叶的气候变暖并未导致极端旱涝事件的发生频率明显增加。

英文摘要：

Based on the annual drought/flood grades derived from the historical archives since the Han Dynasty as well as the reconstructed wet/dry index series over eastern China,extreme drought/flood events in the three regions of North China plain （34N°-40°N）,Jianghuai （31°N-34°N）,and Jiangnan （25°N-31°N） during the past 2000 years were identified. The results indicated that high frequent and extreme drought/flood events occurred during 100-150,550-650,1050-1100,and 1850-1900 in North China plain,250-450 and 1600-1850 in Jianghuai,350-400,1100-1200,and 1900-1950 in Jiangnan. Meanwhile,over the whole eastern China,high frequent extreme events occurred during 100-150,250-350,750-850,950-1000,1050-1150,1400-1450,1550-1650,and 1800-1950. The frequency and intensity of extreme drought/flood events in the second half of the 20th century were close to the mean level of the past 2000 years. In addition,the comparison between the drought/flood events and temperature series over eastern China suggested that global warming over recent decades did not bring more frequent extreme events.